Après un siècle de relative tranquillité, la Joconde est volée le 21 août 1911. [14], The Mona Lisa bears a strong resemblance to many Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, who was at that time seen as an ideal for womanhood. [111] Upon the painting's theft in 1911, Renaissance historian Bernard Berenson admitted that it had "simply become an incubus, and [he] was glad to be rid of her. [114][115], The avant-garde art world has made note of the Mona Lisa's undeniable popularity. "[38] Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings,[39] but this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence. The listing details are highly structured, using a special vocabulary, which allows for very specific and accurate searches, helped as well by the index. The soft blending creates an ambiguous mood "mainly in two features: the corners of the mouth, and the corners of the eyes". It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962[11] (equivalent to $660 million in 2019). Date acquisition. ", "In Louvre, New Room With View of 'Mona Lisa, "A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects", "Another art anniversary: Mona Lisa comes to New York! Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. Ce tableau, réalisé au début du XVIe siècle, est le portrait d'une jeune Florentine. [81] Decker published this account of the theft in 1932.[83]. Il peindra à la même époque Saint Jean-Baptiste, Sainte-Anne. L'histoire de La Joconde demeure obscure : ni l'identité du modèle, ni la commande du portrait, ni le temps pendant lequel Léonard y travailla, voire le conserva, ni encore les circonstances de son entrée dans la collection royale française ne sont des faits clairement établis. Despite the treatments, the Mona Lisa has been well cared for throughout its history, and although the panel's warping caused the curators "some worry",[98] the 2004–05 conservation team was optimistic about the future of the work. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance,[4][5] it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". [121] Raphael, who had been to Leonardo's workshop several times, promptly used elements of the portrait's composition and format in several of his works, such as Young Woman with Unicorn (c. 1506),[108] and Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. Unfortunately, we cannot be absolutely certain that this portrait of Lisa del Giocondo is the painting of the Louvre."[15]. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and goatee. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. After going through the queue, a group has about 30 seconds to see the painting. "[132], Before the 1962–1963 tour, the painting was assessed for insurance at $100 million (equivalent to $660 million in 2019), making it, in practice, the most highly-valued painting in the world. [81] After having kept the Mona Lisa in his apartment for two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to Giovanni Poggi, director of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. Leonardo began to be revered as a genius, and the painting's popularity grew in the mid-19th century when French intelligentsia praised it as mysterious and a representation of the femme fatale. "Possibly it was another portrait of which no record and no copies exist—Giuliano de' Medici surely had nothing to do with the. This explains the great precision of the listings. "[109], Early commentators such as Vasari and André Félibien praised the picture for its realism, but by the Victorian era, writers began to regard the Mona Lisa as imbued with a sense of mystery and romance. [31], Mona Lisa has no clearly visible eyebrows or eyelashes. [63] In view of this, Vincent Delieuvin, curator of 16th-century Italian painting at the Louvre, states that the sketch and these other copies must have been inspired by another version,[64] while Zöllner states that the sketch may be after another Leonardo portrait of the same subject. Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari. En quelques minutes il s'empare du tableau, le dissimule sous sa blouse d'employé et rentre chez lui, dans le Xe arrondissemen… In 1883, Le rire, an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris. Il connaît les lieux par coeur. [22] Isabella of Aragon,[23] Cecilia Gallerani,[24] Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla,[22] Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, Bianca Giovanna Sforza—even Salaì and Leonardo himself—are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting. [85] [6] The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression,[7] the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism. [102] Since 2005 the painting has been illuminated by an LED lamp, and in 2013 a new 20 watt LED lamp was installed, specially designed for this painting. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity. During the 20th century it was an object for mass reproduction, merchandising, lampooning and speculation, and was claimed to have been reproduced in "300 paintings and 2,000 advertisements". Denizard also retouched the edges of the picture with varnish, to mask areas that had been covered initially by an older frame. [14], In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. In response to warping and swelling experienced during its storage during World War II, and to prepare the picture for an exhibit to honour the anniversary of Leonardo's 500th birthday, the Mona Lisa was fitted in 1951 with a flexible oak frame with beech crosspieces. [8], The painting is probably of the Italian noblewoman Lisa Gherardini,[9] the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. It was exhibited in the Uffizi Gallery for over two weeks and returned to the Louvre on 4 January 1914. [120] A 2014 New Yorker magazine cartoon parodies the supposed enigma of the Mona Lisa smile in an animation showing progressively more maniacal smiles. C’est la lumière qui définit les volumes, les contours sont estompés, la peinture est recouverte de glacis colorés qui vitrifient le tableau. This became madonna, and its contraction mona. SENS DE L’ŒUVRE : « Giocondo » signifie en italien : heureux et serein … La Joconde pourrait incarner l’idée de bonheur. The title of the painting, which is known in English as Mona Lisa, comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife." The Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the museum; the painting remained on display in its gallery. [63], On 6 April 2005—following a period of curatorial maintenance, recording, and analysis—the painting was moved to a new location within the museum's Salle des États. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joconde&oldid=996373560, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 05:14. [128] In New York, an estimated 1.7 million people queued "in order to cast a glance at the Mona Lisa for 20 seconds or so. [119] The French urban artist known pseudonymously as Invader has created versions of the Mona Lisa on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using a mosaic style. 1981, p 192 "[63] It has never been fully restored,[97] so the current condition is partly due to a variety of conservation treatments the painting has undergone. Image réduite : [67][c] According to Vasari, the painting was created for the model's husband, Francesco del Giocondo. For other uses, see, Vacant wall in the Louvre's Salon Carré after the painting was stolen in 1911. Winding paths and a distant bridge give only the slightest indications of human presence. [142] Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp and Luke Syson denied the attribution;[143][144] professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali,[145] and John F Asmus supported it;[146] others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain. Il vit de contrats que les plus grands lui passent. "[125], From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C.[126][127] It was shipped on the new ocean liner SS France. Since then, bulletproof glass has been used to shield the painting from any further attacks. Pour donner un effet vaporeux à sa toile, le peintre a utilisé une technique nommée sfumato, consistant à appliquer plusieurs couches … Mais il ne l’a certainement jamais eu en sa possession. During World War II, it was again removed from the Louvre and taken first to the Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban. Le 12 décembre 1913 le tableau La Joconde de Léonard de Vinci, subtilisé au musée du Louvre deux ans auparavant, refait surface à Florence en … [63], The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the Mona Lisa was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. [68] A number of experts have argued that Leonardo made two versions (because of the uncertainty concerning its dating and commissioner, as well as its fate following Leonardo's death in 1519, and the difference of details in Raphael's sketch—which may be explained by the possibility that he made the sketch from memory). Il est 7 heure du matin, nous sommes le lundi 21 août 1911. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelle… Joconde is the central database created in 1975 and now available online, maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, for objects in the collections of the main French public and private museums listed as Musées de France, according to article L. 441-1 of the Code du patrimoine amouting to more than 1,200 institutions. When an object created after the 19th century has no image this is most often for copyright reasons. Il est connu en partie pour son sourire énigmatique. [48] Leonardo's right hand was paralytic circa 1517,[49] which may indicate why he left the Mona Lisa unfinished. [73] In 1797, it went on permanent display at the Louvre. Before that discovery, scholars had developed several alternative views as to the subject of the painting. La Joconde. [50][51][52][a], Circa 1505,[54] Raphael executed a pen-and-ink sketch, in which the columns flanking the subject are more apparent. [147], Copy of Mona Lisa commonly attributed to Salaì, 16th-century copy at the Hermitage by unknown artist, This article is about the painting. Duchamp added an inscription, which when read out loud in French sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" meaning: "she has a hot ass", implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and intended as a Freudian joke. [123] The Mona Lisa was regarded as "just another Leonardo until early last century, when the scandal of the painting's theft from the Louvre and subsequent return kept a spotlight on it over several years. [89] A new queuing system introduced in 2019 reduces the amount of time museum visitors have to wait in line to see the painting. Cette représentation remonterait alors aux années 1513-1516, alors que Léonard travaillait au service de Julie… Avec "La Joconde", j’étais persuadé que ce n’était pas possible car elle a les bras pliés contrairement aux Playmobil. Léonard de Vinci, Entre 1503 et 1506 Huile sur panneau de bois de peuplier 77 × 53 cm Musée du Louvre, Paris La Joconde (ou Portrait de Mona Lisa) est un tableau de Léonard de Vinci, réalisé entre 1503 et 1506 d'une femme qui s'appelait à l'époque Mona Lisa del Giocondo.Huile sur Behind her, a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. [45] Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506",[8] art historian Martin Kemp says that there are some difficulties in confirming the dates with certainty. [63], In 1977, a new insect infestation was discovered in the back of the panel as a result of crosspieces installed to keep the painting from warping. As a result, it was thought that the Mona Lisa had been trimmed. Une chose est sûre, le peintre la conservera auprès de lui de son vivant, ne s’en séparant jamais, avant que François 1er ne l’acquière. [63], At some point, the Mona Lisa was removed from its original frame. [135] The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others. On 30 December 1956, Bolivian Ugo Ungaza Villegas threw a rock at the Mona Lisa while it was on display at the Louvre. Both were later exonerated. [77] The painting was first missed the next day by painter Louis Béroud. After the second 1956 attack, restorer Jean-Gabriel Goulinat was directed to touch up the damage to Mona Lisa's left elbow with watercolour. [44] He had begun working on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo, the model of the Mona Lisa, by October 1503. Aujourd'hui, 2008 la Joconde se trouve dans une salle rénovée au Louvre ou elle fait face au tableau de Véronèse " Les noces de Cana ". La Joconde a été achetée par François I er en 1518 à l'héritier de Léonard de Vinci. Le tableau est vraisemblablement acheté par François Ierlui-même, qu… [25] Art historian Carmen C. Bambach has concluded that Leonardo probably continued refining the work until 1516 or 1517. [18][71][72] At some point in the 16th century, a varnish was applied to the painting. [40], Research in 2008 by a geomorphology professor at Urbino University and an artist-photographer revealed likenesses of Mona Lisa's landscapes to some views in the Montefeltro region in the Italian provinces of Pesaro and Urbino, and Rimini. [54][57][56][69] The hypothetical first portrait, displaying prominent columns, would have been commissioned by Giocondo circa 1503, and left unfinished in Leonardo's pupil and assistant Salaì's possession until his death in 1524. [28] The woman sits markedly upright in a "pozzetto" armchair with her arms folded, a sign of her reserved posture. [citation needed]. Léonard de Vinci peint le portrait de Mona Lisa ou La Joconde au début du XVIe siècle (entre 1503 et 1506 ou une dizaine d'année plus tard selon les historiens). "[12][13] Mona in Italian is a polite form of address originating as ma donna – similar to Ma'am, Madam, or my lady in English. In 1913, when the painting was recovered after its theft, Denizard was again called upon to work on the Mona Lisa. Subsequently, on 21 April 1974, while the painting was on display at the Tokyo National Museum, a woman sprayed it with red paint as a protest against that museum's failure to provide access for disabled people.